用觀察法診斷故障：

Fault diagnosis by observation:

所謂觀察法就是汽車修理工按照汽車使用者指出的故障發(fā)生的部位仔細(xì)觀察故障現(xiàn)象，而后對故障做出判斷，這是一種應(yīng)用有效的故障診斷法。

The so-called observation method is that the auto repairman carefully observes the fault phenomenon according to the fault location pointed out by the auto user, and then makes a judgment on the fault, which is an effective fault diagnosis method.

濟(jì)南奔馳汽車維修人員舉個(gè)例子，如對發(fā)機(jī)排氣管冒藍(lán)色煙霧的故障，可以通過冒藍(lán)煙的現(xiàn)象來判斷，如在使用過程中長期冒藍(lán)煙，發(fā)動機(jī)使用里程又很長，一般可以判斷為氣缸或活塞環(huán)磨損，致使配合間隙過大，由于機(jī)油盤中的機(jī)油通過活塞環(huán)與缸壁之間的間隙竄入燃燒室引起的。

For example, Jinan Benz automobile maintenance personnel can judge the problem of blue smoke from the exhaust pipe of the engine by the phenomenon of blue smoke. For example, if the blue smoke is emitted for a long time in the process of use, and the engine service mileage is very long, it can generally be judged that the cylinder or piston ring is worn, resulting in excessive fit clearance, which is caused by the oil in the oil pan leaking into the combustion chamber through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall.

如果只是在發(fā)動機(jī)剛一發(fā)動時(shí)冒出一股藍(lán)煙，以后冒藍(lán)煙又逐漸變得比較輕微，一般可以判斷為發(fā)動機(jī)氣門桿上的擋油罩老化或內(nèi)孔磨損使擋油功能失效，而有少量機(jī)油沿著氣門桿漏入氣缸引起的。

If the engine only emits a blue smoke at the beginning of the engine, and then the blue smoke gradually becomes slight, it can generally be judged that the oil baffle on the engine valve stem is aging or the inner hole is worn, which causes the oil baffle function to fail, and a small amount of oil leaks into the cylinder along the valve stem.

有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者可以準(zhǔn)確判斷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足者還應(yīng)進(jìn)一步觀察。在觀察的過程中，還要用經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論，做出周密的思考和推證，不能簡單草率，不能為表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。有些現(xiàn)象對于有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者也不是一下子就能看清楚的，那么就要多看幾次，仔細(xì)的觀察，才能由表及里，把故障現(xiàn)象看透。

Experienced people can make accurate judgments, and inexperienced people should make further observation. In the process of observation, we should use experience and theory to make thorough thinking and reasoning. We should not be simple and hasty, nor be confused by superficial phenomena. Some phenomena can not be clearly seen by experienced people at once, so it is necessary to watch them several times and observe carefully to see through the fault phenomenon from the outside to the inside.

用觸摸法診斷故障：

Fault diagnosis by touch method:

人體和人的手腳都是靈敏的感覺器官，可憑感覺來診斷汽車和發(fā)動機(jī)故障。以汽車傳到人體上的感覺來判斷。人們乘坐汽車，可憑行車中汽車的振動情況判斷懸掛系統(tǒng)和減振器的損壞情況，一般駕駛員，敏感，常開一輛車，減振器失效后駕駛員都能感覺到。

The human body and human hands and feet are sensitive sensory organs, which can be used to diagnose car and engine faults. Judging by the feeling that the car transmits to the human body. People can judge the damage of the suspension system and shock absorber by the vibration of the car in the driving process. The driver is sensitive and often drives a car. The driver can feel the damage after the shock absorber fails.

汽車要上公路或高速行駛，通常駕駛員都要檢查四個(gè)車輪，用腳踹車輪輪胎，可憑輪胎的彈力判斷出輪胎的氣壓，可憑輪胎的偏斜和擺振情況判斷輪轂軸承的緊固情況，就是典型的用腳觸摸法。汽車在高速公路上行駛后，駕駛員可用手摸一摸輪胎的溫度，如是夏季輪胎磨的很熱，就要當(dāng)心了。

When the car is going on the highway or at high speed, the driver usually checks four wheels and treads the wheels and tires with his feet. The tire pressure can be determined by the elasticity of the tires, and the tightness of the hub bearing can be determined by the deflection and shimmy of the tires, which is a typical foot touch method. After the car is driving on the highway, the driver can touch the temperature of the tire with his hand. If the tire is very hot in summer, be careful.

在維修中，用手摸檢查摩擦面的磨損情況；用手感覺摩擦副配合的松緊度等，都是無處不在無處不用的?？傊?，手是人體的重要器官，活是用手干的，在干活中就有感覺，而這個(gè)感覺就是故障診斷的好器具。

During the maintenance, check the wear of the friction surface by hand; Feel the tightness of the friction pair by hand. It is everywhere and everywhere. In short, the hand is an important organ of the human body. Work is done by hand. There is a feeling in the work, and this feeling is a good tool for fault diagnosis.

所以說，可以用觀察法與觸摸法來診斷汽車是否故障，當(dāng)然平常中您一定要好好進(jìn)行檢查與維護(hù)，預(yù)防問題產(chǎn)生，關(guān)注我們http://www.nikond90.cn了解更多維修汽車知識。

Therefore, you can use observation and touch methods to diagnose whether the car is faulty. Of course, you must check and maintain it properly in order to prevent problems and pay attention to us http://www.nikond90.cn Learn more about car maintenance.