1. Start and start correctly

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷車(chē)起動(dòng)時(shí)，因?yàn)闇囟鹊?，機(jī)油粘度大，流動(dòng)性差，使機(jī)油泵供油缺乏。同時(shí)，原氣缸壁上的機(jī)油在停車(chē)后沿氣缸壁下賤，因而在起動(dòng)的瞬間得不到正常作業(yè)時(shí)那樣杰出的光滑，致使起動(dòng)時(shí)氣缸璧磨損大大增加。

When the engine starts cold, the oil pump is short of oil supply because of low temperature, high oil viscosity and poor fluidity. At the same time, the oil on the cylinder wall of the original gas drops down along the cylinder wall after stopping, so it can't get the excellent smoothness at the moment of starting, which greatly increases the wear of the cylinder wall during starting.

因而，初次起動(dòng)時(shí)，應(yīng)先使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)幾圈，待摩擦表面得到光滑后再起動(dòng)。起動(dòng)后應(yīng)怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)升溫，嚴(yán)禁猛轟油口，待機(jī)油溫度達(dá)到40℃時(shí)再起步；起步應(yīng)堅(jiān)持掛低速檔，并循序每一檔位行駛一段里程，直到油溫正常，方可轉(zhuǎn)為正常行駛。

Therefore, when starting the engine for the first time, it is necessary to make the engine idle for several circles and wait until the friction surface is smooth before starting. After starting, the engine should run at idle speed to raise the temperature. It is strictly forbidden to bang the oil port. When the oil temperature reaches 40 ℃, the engine should start again. When starting, the engine should stick to the low gear, and drive a section of mileage in each gear step by step until the oil temperature is normal.

2.正確選用光滑油

2. Choose smooth oil correctly

要嚴(yán)厲按季節(jié)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功能要求選用較佳粘度值的光滑油，不行隨意購(gòu)用殘次光滑油，并常常查看和堅(jiān)持光滑油的數(shù)量與質(zhì)量。

It is necessary to strictly select the smooth oil with better viscosity according to the requirements of season and engine function. It is not allowed to purchase defective smooth oil at will. It is also necessary to check and insist on the quantity and quality of smooth oil.

3.加強(qiáng)濾清器的保養(yǎng)

3. Strengthen the maintenance of filter

使空氣濾清器、機(jī)油濾清器和燃油濾清器堅(jiān)持杰出的作業(yè)狀態(tài)，對(duì)減輕氣缸套的磨損至關(guān)重要。加強(qiáng)對(duì)“三濾”的保養(yǎng)，是避免機(jī)械雜質(zhì)進(jìn)入氣缸，減輕氣缸磨損，延長(zhǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)使用壽命的一項(xiàng)重要措施，在農(nóng)村和多風(fēng)沙區(qū)域尤為重要。有的駕駛員為了節(jié)省燃料而不裝空氣濾清器是肯定過(guò)錯(cuò)的。

Keeping the air filter, oil filter and fuel filter in excellent working condition is very important to reduce the wear of cylinder liner. Strengthening the maintenance of the "three filters" is an important measure to prevent mechanical impurities from entering the cylinder, reduce cylinder wear and prolong the service life of the engine, especially in rural areas and windy and sandy areas. It is definitely wrong for some drivers not to install air filters in order to save fuel.

4.堅(jiān)持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)正常作業(yè)溫度

4. Adhere to the normal operating temperature of the engine

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正常作業(yè)溫度應(yīng)處在80-90℃。溫度過(guò)低，不能堅(jiān)持杰出的光滑，會(huì)增大氣缸壁的磨損，氣缸內(nèi)的水蒸氣易凝結(jié)成水珠，溶解廢氣中的酸性氣體分子，生成酸性物質(zhì)，使氣缸璧遭到腐蝕磨損。

The normal operating temperature of the engine should be 80-90 ℃. If the temperature is too low, it will increase the wear of the cylinder wall. The water vapor in the cylinder is easy to condense into water droplets, dissolve the acid gas molecules in the exhaust gas, and generate acid substances, which will cause corrosion and wear of the cylinder wall.

試驗(yàn)標(biāo)明，當(dāng)氣缸璧溫度由90℃降到50℃時(shí)，氣缸磨損量為90℃時(shí)的4倍。溫度過(guò)高，會(huì)使氣缸強(qiáng)度降低而加重磨損，乃至可能使活塞過(guò)度脹大而形成“脹缸”事端。

The test shows that when the cylinder wall temperature drops from 90 ℃ to 50 ℃, the wear loss of the cylinder is four times of that of 90 ℃. If the temperature is too high, the strength of the cylinder will be reduced and the wear will be aggravated, and even the piston may be over inflated, resulting in "cylinder expansion".

5.提高保修質(zhì)量

5. Improve warranty quality

在使用過(guò)程中，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)予以排除，隨時(shí)更換或維修損壞和變形的配件。裝置氣缸套時(shí)要嚴(yán)厲按技術(shù)要求檢驗(yàn)和裝配。

In the process of use, timely find out problems and eliminate them, and replace or repair damaged and deformed parts at any time. The cylinder liner should be inspected and assembled strictly according to the technical requirements.

在保修換環(huán)作業(yè)中，要選用彈力適當(dāng)?shù)幕钊h(huán)，彈力過(guò)小，使燃?xì)飧Z入曲軸箱吹落氣缸壁上的機(jī)油，增大氣缸壁磨損；彈力過(guò)大，直接加重氣缸壁的磨損，或因氣缸壁上的油膜遭到損壞而加重其磨損。

In the operation of ring replacement under warranty, the piston ring with proper elastic force should be selected. If the elastic force is too small, the gas will flow into the crankcase and blow off the oil on the cylinder wall, which will increase the wear of the cylinder wall. If the elastic force is too large, the wear of the cylinder wall will be directly aggravated, or the wear will be aggravated due to the damage of the oil film on the cylinder wall.

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